A LESSON ON A ZONE DEFENSE Raffaele Di Pasquale 20/02/2011
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CONSTRUCTION OF A DEFENSIVE TACTICS AREA ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPLES OF OPERATIVE METHODS
Raffaele Di Pasquale
Abstract
The zone defense is one of the development of defensive tactics and is based sull'equidistanza between the players and departments.
Fundamentals
The zone defense requires that each player is responsible for the area of \u200b\u200bthe field assigned to him and the players opponents coming into the area, must watch and monitor the surrounding areas. It moves in the area depending on the position of the ball, opponents and also leads us must always go with the ball in pressure on the opponent that enters its zone except when he is outnumbered.
In the game zone is not possible to defend caring only marking opponents, ignoring the concept of space defense. I also think that in a defensive organization in the area it is possible to perform the movements that have to climb a way to cover space rationally, remove time and space to the opponent, and then neutralize the gaming solutions. We must not forget that we must be able to defend a zone defense to man defense to zone it does not mean not having to mark-to-human, and indeed we must be able to avoid marking man, also a defender in the defensive line must be able to look around and understand the situation and decide what to do immediately: to mark tight man coverage, or give to a partner and then cover the area.
It 'important to point out that defending a zone does not mean not having to man mark, because when the opponent enters the zone of responsibility of defending the latter must apply all the principles of man marking. defending zone must be clear about the concept:
- free ball (or discovery) and the ball pool, and then mark or cover?
The ball and the 'free when the owner has time and space to be able to play freely. The ball free and 'a message of danger, so you try to downgrade by delaying action in order to remove the concentration camp and seeking defensive opponent. It is degraded only if the defense is outnumbered. This action (back) runs up to a limit point which normally corresponds to the bezel of the penalty area.
In my case calls to my lawyers to try to avoid crossing the imaginary line placed at 22-23 m. from the goal line.
Accordingly all technical and tactical exercises that I suggest always include the demarcation of this area for players to automate the first and best.
The ball and 'pool when the owner does not, however time and space to play and, pressed by the opponent, the opponent has to defend the ball after surgery. In this way you can get more coverage among the defenders because the distances between them are minor and will only allow the opponent to play the ball in space in front of the defense, or only on side bands.
Basic requirements
• Equitable distribution
• Balance
• Rationality
• Unit team
In this respect I share the field, lengthwise, into 4 equal parts and provided in each zone, a player for the defensive line. In this way we obtain a balanced distribution both laterally and vertically.
addition equitable distribution, you must have a predetermined balance tactical making it possible to more easily prepare the various solutions of alternation of the two phases of the game, since you know right from the start position on the field and functions of individuals, dividing the theoretical field with three horizontal lines.
Each player is responsible to the board in your area of \u200b\u200bexpertise, both horizontally and vertically, to the edge of the zone defense partner.
Per unit team means that each player must have a unique attitude during the defensive. This means that players must know the tasks and positions of the comrades to support appropriate situation game.
area we need to know in order to defend the positions of the ball, peers, and our opponents' goal.
marking the zone defense is generally in the field of jurisdiction, but the fact remains that players should also monitor the surrounding areas.
is worth repeating that in order to defend the area and to be effective, we need to defend a man.
Content
• Piston side friends;
• Team short;
• Interchangeability of role;
• Pressing and defensive offside and elastic;
• Position offset by a provision cobweb.
bands friends
• Density in the ball;
• Fascia opposite free;
• Diagonal
defensive (exterior opposite should not exceed half of the door, except extraordinary cases);
• Funnel defensive.
Team Short
• Covers overs each other through lateral and forward;
• The reference points are represented by their closest comrades both horizontally and vertically;
• On the board team must be arranged in a vertical row on three areas.
interchangeability of roles
• slide sideways, forward and backward in climbing;
• Changing the location of a player missing;
• Minding to provide cover and mutual disporsi at least two defensive lines;
• Award of the opposite end. ;
position offset
• Players not placed on two different lines must position one behind the other in order to cover more space in width;
• This will lead to recommending that the triangles defensive player back to take a suitable position to the one in front as he has in his field of vision is the ball which the companion
• Some players placed on the same line with ball side they can disporsi on multiple lines of coverage.
schemes play a zone defense
• The elastic defense;
• The double marking;
• Create the strong side in the lateral band;
• The pressing;
• The offside;
• Conditions of numerical superiority by adopting the defensive line and diagonal of the pyramid .
The diagonal defensive
When the ball is on the outer surface of the field, the defensive line is row diagonally.
points of reference are to line up the ball, the companions, the presence of an adversary and the door.
In this situation part of a free field is not dangerous (weak side) that can be easily controlled by moving the line quickly.
The provision can be made on one or more lines shell.
I use two lines of coverage.
The pyramid defensive
This type of placement is the best way to deal with a central attack. When the ball passes in the central defender then the orbits in the zone out to attack the ball carrier, the external shaking going the other centrally central defender behind the attacker holds the ball, forming a true pyramid.
The elastic defensive
If the balloon rises quickly toward the opposing goal, as a result of the postponement of the goalkeeper or a defender or because of speed resulted in the attackers, the defensive line must rise as quickly in the mid-field advantage may be attacking the stage at which the ball is in flight, in which there is no danger of being blown vertically. The rubber band provides a rising phase until the ball is in possession of their team and / or the ball is in flight or "covered" a subsequent motion to quickly scale back the defensive block with subsequent collective output of the vertical speed just before the ball by the opposing team.
Benefits
• Equitable distribution of workload;
• It is easier the action of pressing;
• All players taking part in the stage of non-possession;
• It is more many ball in the area;
• It enhances the ability to collaborate with the diagonal, the pyramid, bungee;
• excess density and defensive
• Team short and narrow;
• strong side weak side.
Disadvantages
• Difficulty in reading or misunderstanding of the unique situations of the ball pool / discovery;
• Always stay in the line of the ball;
• Risk to progress more slowly in the process of possession;
• More likely to commit a foul as last man.
phases of work planning
• analysis of the initial
• definition of objectives;
• selection of strategies to achieve them;
• construction - content;
• evaluation of players for control purposes.
The operational method is a method of operation of the teaching-learning process based on the concept of situated learning, distributed and collaborative in order to build knowledge of the joint-powers. In its authentic realization this methodological approach is characterized in terms of flexibility by acting on two levels:
• at the level of the individual attempting to overcome the strict division induced by a traditional education, marked for individual units arranged in linear paths;
• situational level aspires to set an "interactive dialogue" as it really requires integrated and fluid nature of the race.
needs to be respected
1. "Thematize" properly the knowledge to teach, which means not only the knowledge to choose teach and to learn, but also clearly delimited either piecemeal or too broad and confusing;
2. knowledge divide into portions (or text blocks) that match sottotematizzazioni each of which prepares and establishes the conditions for learning and understanding of the following sections. Because of their ability to promote cognitive outcomes sufficiently significant portions of knowledge together with the operations of learning modules can be thought of as composed in different ways.
modules are not considered as content to add, they are mixed together forming units the principle of creating multiple:
Unity in Diversity.
This methodology refers to new discoveries in neuroscience, which caused a major contribution on the working of the mind in its cognitive processes of learning, storage and processing of concepts.
With this method does take a significant step forward in the concept of learning, no longer understood as a mechanical capacity of assimilation, storage and repetition, but as a process of personal construction of knowledge, which develops through four stages :
- perception stage of decoding of the concepts;
- Development: Phase discrimination (characterization) classification, (extrapolation of some features) aggregation (union of characteristics with those already stored), generalization (transfer);
- inference phase of the forecast;
- Decision: implementation, make others understand the choice made.
Given that the principles of the game are not watertight compartments, but relations between them dynamically, the learning must be promoted in a dynamic and interactive.
So real situations with a holistic, systemic, through the teaching of the survey to educate the player's creativity to find answers to adapt to changing situations.
methodological proposals
- significance: Connecting prior knowledge and future generations;
- motivation: the attribution a concrete sense;
- direction: a description of the purpose;
- Continuity: return often on the concept with new forms and procedures;
- Integration is part of a general plan;
- stabilization: help and support of memory;
- Portability: application to new situations.
methodological principles
• Every single skill should be considered as the sum of individual microfasi of equal importance;
• Within each element necessary to define the technical and tactical steps that make up the hierarchy in order to allow the definition of good teaching sequence;
• The proposed activity is almost always contain problems to solve.
the progress of individual skills and collective competence is different in detail and enriched with the acquisition of better automation through:
• high number of repetitions;
• variability of the proposals;
• intervention strategies such problem - solving;
Varying conditions is essential for open disciplines like football where the technical act requires constant adjustments to changing situations, and this is accomplished by adjusting the following items:
• Presence and activities of 'opponent
• Number opponents
• Area Action;
• Number of taps.
Progression teaching
• From the known to the new;
• From easy to difficult;
• From simple to complex;
• From the situation in the game.
I think this is the phase that distinguishes and gives great credibility to the coach.
introducing the teaching team to systematically observe certain principles:
- I make sure that you store the player's tactical and technical concepts and situationally have them in order using the following capacities: seeing, understand, select and play.
- For the defensive organization of the department, propose specific sessions of 20'-25 'type repeated several times a week, to achieve automatic consolidated.
- convinces the player that only with the widest possible application in practice will improve.
- expect the best concentration and maximum load racing.
- Seeking to prepare and train all possible scenarios by asking objective of a continuous and gradual improvement.
- If this is the case also suggest exercises without opponents in order to make clear the concepts that will become a cornerstone of defensive movements.
- I work with also the support of audio-visual material, because if it is true the sequence:
LISTENING = FORGET
SEE = MEMORY
run = LEARN
sure I can get an advantage in reviewing the positive and negative situations.
- Ask yourself as a result of the fact that all the defenders have the same knowledge and therefore the same solutions without the need for a verbal command (it may be) so that we can anticipate even a fraction of the 'Any decision tactic.
Because according to the method of operation, the player must be "active, responsible of its actions and, especially, should not "suffer" the mood of the coach.
fact, Sunday is not the coach takes the field, and then the player character must have the means to make decisions important for this leadership pursues a "democratic", especially in situations where my authority as recognized by the technical team.
In conducting all the technical tactical exercises there are constants that are present in every training session.
For example, in small parties in the field narrowed, playing conditions are common pre-game and out of the mandatory restart the goalie every time the ball leaves the field. In this way, it exacerbates the concept for those who are being held not to scale and shorten toward the ball (by the goalie are all behind the line of the ball) so that they can better organize to pressure or pressing the opposing team and train the team to remain as "short" as possible, removing deep to the opponents themselves. As well as the situational exercises will always be an area bounded to 22-23 m. from the goal line to get used to the line to be high.
Conclusion
Why this occurs is important to carry out active work, steady, tenacious.
continually repeat the movements, in fact, on the one hand may tire, but on the other allows the internalization and retention of concepts: the so-called automation.
All this calls into question, then, the coach, which most often is forced to clash with the laziness of the players, unfortunately quite widespread, with their rejection of the idea of \u200b\u200bthinking and become aware of the difficulty, this widespread enough to open themselves to new and their general intolerance.
The technician has a task for this thankless and difficult, although very stimulating and fascinating.
The coach, in fact, in addition to being an expert on the football field, should have groped for the right mental attitude to get the most from their players.
why should remember the following management principles suggested by the method of operation:
Awareness:
for the player and is useful to know when we need to improve something (exercise, a situation) always explain why the goals and modes.
Empowerment:
affect the player to training, motivation is the key to learning
the coach must act on the basis of group consensus.
methodical: (Principle)
need a mechanism to work (short, medium and long term) work takes advantage of the previous one and is the basis for the later, provide a diary for attendance, absences, patterns, and exercises. The diary is used to advance (dialogue with oneself)
Variety and multiplicity
have various exercises for the same purpose to increase the stock of the player and avoid saturation. In fact, repeating the same things as training becomes passive and not active, the player knows what to expect and decreases attention.
principle of simplicity and clarity:
the coach must use plain language and direct.
As the attention of the group takes only a few minutes and then tends to decrease use the rule of 3 "C" or: 'complete concise.
Principle of Evidence:
the most clear is the imitation, it is necessary to show the technical act,
show is always better than just talk.
Principle adaptation:
know the capacity and the reaction of players, any proposal to exercise technique, tactics, personality and must take into account the capacity of current conditions of the players. In the next article we present a specific learning path.
